Active microbial population dynamics and life strategies drive the enhanced carbon use efficiency in high-organic matter soils

土壤碳 固碳 土壤水分 人口 稳定同位素探测 土壤有机质 生物量(生态学) 环境科学 碳循环 微生物种群生物学 有机质 生态学 生态系统 生物 环境化学 化学 微生物 二氧化碳 遗传学 人口学 社会学 细菌
作者
Qicheng Xu,Ling Li,Junjie Guo,Hu Guo,Manqiang Liu,Shiwei Guo,Yakov Kuzyakov,Ning Ling,Qirong Shen
出处
期刊:MBio [American Society for Microbiology]
标识
DOI:10.1128/mbio.00177-24
摘要

ABSTRACT Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a critical parameter that controls carbon storage in soil, but many uncertainties remain concerning adaptations of microbial communities to long-term fertilization that impact CUE. Based on H 2 18 O quantitative stable isotope probing coupled with metagenomic sequencing, we disentangled the roles of active microbial population dynamics and life strategies for CUE in soils after a long-term (35 years) mineral or organic fertilization. We found that the soils rich in organic matter supported high microbial CUE, indicating a more efficient microbial biomass formation and a greater carbon sequestration potential. Organic fertilizers supported active microbial communities characterized by high diversity and a relative increase in net growth rate, as well as an anabolic-biased carbon cycling, which likely explains the observed enhanced CUE. Overall, these results highlight the role of population dynamics and life strategies in understanding and predicting microbial CUE and sequestration in soil. IMPORTANCE Microbial CUE is a major determinant of global soil organic carbon storage. Understanding the microbial processes underlying CUE can help to maintain soil sustainable productivity and mitigate climate change. Our findings indicated that active microbial communities, adapted to long-term organic fertilization, exhibited a relative increase in net growth rate and a preference for anabolic carbon cycling when compared to those subjected to chemical fertilization. These shifts in population dynamics and life strategies led the active microbes to allocate more carbon to biomass production rather than cellular respiration. Consequently, the more fertile soils may harbor a greater microbially mediated carbon sequestration potential. This finding is of great importance for manipulating microorganisms to increase soil C sequestration.
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