Novel gold nanozyme regulation strategies facilitate analytes detection

Gold nanozymes (GNZs), have emerged as a promising tool due to their high stability, good catalytic performance, ease of preparation, and controllable enzyme-like activity. They play an important role in the detection of various analytes (such as pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, pesticides, antibiotics, etc.). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to analyze the impact of regulation methods on enzyme-like activity based on the catalytic mechanism, allowing for efficient GNZs to be prepared and high-performance biosensors to be constructed. In this review, we first introduce the enzyme-like activity and catalytic mechanism of the GNZs. Then, we summarize the recent strategies and mechanisms for regulating the enzyme-like activity of the GNZs. The classification and principles of signal amplification achieved by coupling GNZs with natural enzymes, artificial enzymes, or non-enzyme materials are also highlighted. Additionally, we classify the biosensors constructed based on GNZs, given the rapid advancements in this field, and their applications in detecting various analytes. Finally, we discuss the challenges and development directions of strategies for regulating the enzyme-like activity of the GNZs. Although this review is not thoroughly, it would serve as a valuable reference for understanding the research progress of the GNZs and aid in developing new types of the GNZs and biosensors.