Recent progress in signal enhancement of nanomaterials-based electrochemiluminescence systems

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has emerged as a promising analytical technique that combines the distinct advantages of both electrochemistry and chemiluminescence. In recent years, nanomaterials have been extensively developed as a new generation of emitters, coreactants, coreaction accelerators, and nanoreactors in ECL reactions due to their tunable structures, and excellent optical and electrical properties. High-sensitivity nanomaterial-based ECL biosensing systems are in high demand for practical applications in trace marker detection. This review summarizes recent advances in signal enhancement for nanomaterial-based ECL biosensing systems in the past five years. These advances include the development of high-performance ECL emitters, the promotion of charge transfer between the emitter and coreactant, the improvement of the interfacial conductivity of the electrode materials, and the utilization of nanomaterial-based signal amplification techniques. The challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed for the development and application of nanomaterial-based ECL biosensing systems.