Progresses and Challenges in 2D MXenes: Synthesis, Intercalation/Delamination, and Storage

Since the invention of the first MXene in 2011, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, recognized as MXenes, have garnered significant research interest due to their diverse chemical compositions, structures, and fascinating combination of physical and chemical properties. The practical application of any material depends entirely on its properties and stability. MXenes are a unique class of 2D materials whose characteristics and stability may be precisely controlled based on their synthesis processes, intercalation/delamination tactics, and storage techniques. Here in this review, we provide an overview of how MXenes precursors, synthesis methods (mostly top-down, bottom-up, and a few others), intercalation/delamination procedures, and storage techniques affect their properties. There are understudied obstacles in each step that require more in-depth and fundamental investigation. In conclusion, we have provided a summary of the progress made to date and a prognosis for the future that includes potential avenues for additional development.