Fluorinated Titanium Oxide (TiO2–xFx) Nanospindles as Ultrasound-Triggered Pyroptosis Inducers to Boost Sonodynamic Immunotherapy

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death associated with the immune system that can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a therapeutic strategy with better penetration depth, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is expected to induce pyroptosis of cancer cells and boost the immune response. However, it is still a limited problem to precisely adjust the structure of sonosensitizers to exhibit satisfactory sono-catalytic properties. Herein, fluorinated titanium oxide (TiO