A combination of techniques (Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, H218O exchange experiments, and DFT calculations) has shown that the reaction of [Fe(H2O)6]2+ with ozone generates [(H2O)5FeIVO]2+ (see calculated structure). The oxidation of selected substrates with [(H2O)5FeIVO]2+ yields unique products that are different from those generated in the Fenton reaction or derived from HO. radicals. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502686_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.