现货市场
即期合同
正常回拨
远期合同
报童模式
采购
订单(交换)
远期市场
交易成本
经济
微观经济学
业务
金融经济学
财务
供应链
期货合约
电
营销
电气工程
工程类
管理
作者
Jinpeng Xu,Feng Gao,Wei Jiang,Shouyang Wang
出处
期刊:Omega
[Elsevier]
日期:2015-04-01
卷期号:52: 42-52
被引量:31
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.omega.2014.10.003
摘要
B2B spot market has grown rapidly and become an effective trading channel for commodity products. Besides long-term contract procurement from conventional suppliers (forward and option), a buyer can procure or sell commodities at any time in B2B spot market to adjust her inventory level. However, spot prices are generally volatile and the market is imperfect in the sense that spot trading may be realized with uncertainty in a given period of time and often comes with extra transaction cost. This paper considers a commodity buyer who can order forward and option contracts in advance and trade in a B2B spot market when spot price and demand are observed stochastically. Based on a single-period newsvendor model, we discuss three optimal order strategies and derive respective expected profits when the buyer is risk-neutral. The sensitivity of purchase costs, market liquidity and transaction cost is investigated. We also compare the optimal expected profits for different strategies to illustrate the effects of the two long-term contracts in the presence of the B2B spot market. We then extend our model to a multi-period setting and derive the optimal strategy. Finally, we numerically compute the optimal order strategy for a risk-averse buyer and analyze the impact of spot market, risk aversion, as well as the correlation between customer demand and spot price.
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