Chitosan-based nano drug delivery system for lung cancer

Lung cancer is a broad term that encompasses several subtypes of the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite substantial gains in studying pulmonary tumor biology, advancements in earlier detection and multimodal management, and unraveling genetic routes of drug resistance, total curative results are still limited, particularly in metastatic illness. Tumor diagnosis and treatment are being impacted by nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticles (NPs). To manage lung tumors, nanoscale components have unique physical and chemical characteristics that enable a broader range of molecular instruments. As chitosan nanoparticles can adjust release rates and precisely transport chemotherapeutic drugs, they alleviate the limitations of conventional anti-cancer treatments while simultaneously making them more effective and cost-efficient than ever before. As a drug carrier, chitosan's mucoadhesive, permeation-enhancing, and site/cell-specific properties play a significant role in its performance. Microencapsulation and micro-nano mixing systems have been designed for nanocarriers to enable efficient pulmonary aerosolization and inhalation and a wide range of nanocarriers. As part of this review, we emphasize the advances and opportunities connected with using chitosan-coated nanomedicines for lung cancer treatment and the hurdles involved with clinical translation in this sector.