Update on the immunological mechanisms of primary graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft dysfunction

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) are the leading causes of graft loss in lung transplant recipients. The development of mouse lung transplant models has allowed for the genetic dissection of cellular and molecular pathways that prevent graft survival. This review provides an overview into recent mechanistic insights into PGD and CLAD.