Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemistry of Photosystem II on a Hierarchical Tin Oxide Electrode for Ultrasensitive Detection of 17β-Estradiol

Despite its excellent efficiency in natural photosynthesis, the utilization of photosystem II (PSII)-based artificial photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems for analytical purposes is hindered due to the low enzyme loading density and ineffective electron transfer (ET) processes. Here, we present a straightforward and effective approach to prepare a PSII-based biohybrid photoanode with remarkable photoresponse, enabled by the use of a hierarchically structured inverse-opal tin oxide (IO-SnO