Butin Protects Keratinocytes From Particulate Matter 2.5 and Ultraviolet B‐Mediated Damages

ABSTRACT Background Butin is a naturally occurring compound with a wide range of medicinal properties, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐arthritic, and antioxidant properties. Particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation contribute to skin cell damage via the induction of oxidative stress. Methods This study sought to assess the protective effects of butin against damage triggered by PM 2.5 and UVB in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Assessments were performed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, and cellular component damage. Results Butin exhibited its protective ability via the inhibition of PM 2.5 ‐induced reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and mitochondrial damage. Butin reduced the PM 2.5 ‐induced c‐Fos and phospho‐c‐Jun protein levels as well as mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Furthermore, butin mitigated PM 2.5 ‐ and UVB‐induced apoptosis. Conclusion Butin had the potential as a pharmaceutical candidate for treating skin damage caused by PM 2.5 and UVB exposure.