Recent advances of ammoxidation in clean energy exploitation and sewage purification: A mini review

In recent decades, the advancement of clean energy technologies and sewage purification has emerged as a focal point of research. This review focuses on the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) and summarizes its multifaceted applications, including its use in direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs), its coupling with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and its significance in ammonia-containing sewage purification. We discuss how the combination of in-situ characterization techniques and theoretical models has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring the AOR mechanism. The interplay of operational parameters such as temperature and pH, along with catalyst design, is emphasized in the context of DAFCs, highlighting the need for precise optimization to enhance efficiency. The importance of selectivity in the nitrogen gas product in ammonia-containing wastewater is also discussed. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges and opportunities in AOR research, including strategies to enhance catalytic activity, identify active centers, maximize the utilization of catalyst atoms, and improve selectivity while ensuring catalyst durability. Ultimately, this review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in harnessing the potential of AOR to bridge the gap between clean energy generation and sustainable wastewater treatment, offering insights into a greener and more environmentally responsible future.