The Regulatory Role of Sleep Hormones, Neurotransmitters, and Gene Expression in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep typically initiates approximately 90 minutes following the onset of sleep. REM sleep is crucial for memory consolidation and learning. It also supports physical recovery and promotes cell regeneration, neurotransmitter transmission, and immune function. The regulating function of REM sleep remains ambiguous despite numerous advancements in its investigation. The absence of neurotransmitter receptors reduces REM sleep, and altered environmental conditions have a corresponding effect on REM sleep. This study summarized how REM sleep interacts with hormones, neurotransmitters, and gene expression. The study found novel properties of REM sleep, explored the connection between cognitive and emotional functions with REM sleep. REM sleep is a stage of increased brain activity, and the study of REM sleep helps us to better understand brain function and neural activity. Examining REM sleep allows for a thorough exploration of the brain’s operational processes, offering valuable insights for neuroscience research. Further study on REM sleep in the future could focus on impact of sleep on body and brain processes, leading to a better comprehension of treating sleep disorders and advancing cognitive neuroscience.