污染
真菌毒素
荟萃分析
环境科学
食品科学
化学
生物
医学
生态学
内科学
作者
Juan Wang,Enas Khalid Sufar,Aksel Bernhoft,Chris J. Seal,Leonidas Rempelos,Gultakin Hasanaliyeva,Bingqiang Zhao,Per Ole Iversen,Marcin Barański,Nikolaos Volakakis,Carlo Leifert
标识
DOI:10.1111/1541-4337.13363
摘要
Abstract There is still considerable controversy about the relative risk of mycotoxin exposure associated with the consumption of organic and conventional cereals. Using validated protocols, we carried out a systematic literature review and meta‐analyses of data on the incidence and concentrations of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Claviceps, Penicillium , and Aspergillus species in organic and conventional cereal grains/products. The standard weighted meta‐analysis of concentration data detected a significant effect of production system (organic vs. conventional) only for the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, with concentrations ∼50% higher in conventional than organic cereal grains/products ( p < 0.0001). Weighted meta‐analyses of incidence data and unweighted meta‐analyses of concentration data also detected small, but significant effects of production system on the incidence and/or concentrations of T‐2/HT‐2 toxins, zearalenone, enniatin, beauvericin, ochratoxin A (OTA), and aflatoxins. Multilevel meta‐analyses identified climatic conditions, cereal species, study type, and analytical methods used as important confounding factors for the effects of production system. Overall, results from this study suggest that (i) Fusarium mycotoxin contamination decreased between the 1990s and 2020, (ii) contamination levels are similar in organic and conventional cereals used for human consumption, and (iii) maintaining OTA concentrations below the maximum contamination levels (3.0 μg/kg) set by the EU remains a major challenge.
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