Mechanism of the influence of hydrodynamics on Microcystis aeruginosa, a dominant bloom species in reservoirs

Hydrodynamic conditions play a key role in algal blooms, which have become an increasing threat to aquatic environments, especially reservoirs. Microcystis aeruginosa is a dominant species in algal blooms in reservoirs and releases large amounts of algal toxins during algal bloom events. The algal growth characteristics and the corresponding mechanism of the influence of hydrodynamic conditions were explored using custom hydraulic rotating devices. The long-term experimental results were as follows: (1) a moderate flow velocity increased the algal growth rate and prolonged algal lifetime relative to static water; (2) moderate water turbulence promoted energy metabolism and nutrient absorbance in algal cells; (3) moderate shear stress reduced oxidation levels in algal cells and improved algal cell morphology; (4) under hydrodynamic treatment, algal cell deformation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a high shear stress of 0.0104 Pa induced by a flow of 0.5 m/s may have destroyed cell morphology and disturbed reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism; (5) algal cell morphology evaluation (including circle ratio, eccentricity, diameter increasing rate, and deformation rate) was established; (6) based on algal growth status and specific effects, five independent intervals (including 'positive-promotion', 'middle-promotion', 'negative-promotion', 'transition', and 'inhibition') and the hydrodynamic threshold system (including flow velocity, turbulent dissipation, and shear stress) were established; and (7) for M. aeruginosa, the optimum flow velocity was 0.24 m/s, and the static-equivalent flow velocity was 0.47 m/s. These results provide a basic summary of the hydrodynamic effects on algal growth and a useful reference for the control of M. aeruginosa blooms in reservoirs.