星形胶质增生
癫痫发生
癫痫
谷氨酸受体
兴奋毒性
星形胶质细胞
神经科学
胶质增生
进行性肌阵挛性癫痫
阿尔茨海默病
神经退行性变
β淀粉样蛋白
发病机制
医学
疾病
内科学
生物
中枢神经系统
病理
受体
作者
Hattapark Dejakaisaya,Patrick Kwan,Nigel C. Jones
出处
期刊:Epilepsia
[Wiley]
日期:2021-05-10
卷期号:62 (7): 1485-1493
被引量:35
摘要
Alzheimer's disease (AD) can increase the risk of epilepsy by up to 10-fold compared to healthy age-matched controls. However, the pathological mechanisms that underlie this increased risk are poorly understood. Because disruption in brain glutamate homeostasis has been implicated in both AD and epilepsy, this might play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy in AD. Prior to the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, the brain can undergo pathological changes as a result of increased production of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ oligomers. Impairments in the glutamate uptake ability of astrocytes due to astrogliosis are hypothesized to be an early event occurring before Aβ plaque formation. Astrogliosis may increase the susceptibility to epileptogenesis of the brain via accumulation of extracellular glutamate and resulting excitotoxicity. Here we hypothesize that Aβ oligomers and proinflammatory cytokines can cause astrogliosis and accumulation of extracellular glutamate, which then contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy in AD. In this review article, we consider the evidence supporting a potential role of dysfunction of the glutamate-glutamine cycle and the astrocyte in the pathogenesis of epilepsy in AD.
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