Tillage Erosion and Its Effect on Soil Properties and Crop Yield in Denmark

耕作 环境科学 腐蚀 产量(工程) 农学 覆盖耕作 作物 免耕农业 作物产量 土壤科学 地质学 土壤水分 土壤肥力 生物 材料科学 古生物学 冶金
作者
G. Heckrath,J. Djurhuus,Timothy A. Quine,Kristof Van Oost,Gérard Govers,Y. Zhang
出处
期刊:Journal of Environmental Quality [Wiley]
卷期号:34 (1): 312-324 被引量:127
标识
DOI:10.2134/jeq2005.0312a
摘要

Tillage erosion had been identified as a major process of soil redistribution on sloping arable land. The objectives of our study were to investigate the extent of tillage erosion and its effect on soil quality and productivity under Danish conditions. Soil samples were collected to a 0.45-m depth on a regular grid from a 1.9-ha site and analyzed for 137Cs inventories, as a measure of soil redistribution, soil texture, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, and phosphorus (P) contents. Grain yield was determined at the same sampling points. Substantial soil redistribution had occurred during the past decades, mainly due to tillage. Average tillage erosion rates of 2.7 kg m(-2) yr(-1) occurred on the shoulderslopes, while deposition amounted to 1.2 kg m(-2) yr(-1) on foot- and toeslopes. The pattern of soil redistribution could not be explained by water erosion. Soil organic carbon and P contents in soil profiles increased from the shoulder- toward the toeslopes. Tillage translocation rates were strongly correlated with SOC contents, A-horizon depth, and P contents. Thus, tillage erosion had led to truncated soils on shoulderslopes and deep, colluvial soils on the foot- and toeslopes, substantially affecting within-field variability of soil properties. We concluded that tillage erosion has important implications for SOC dynamics on hummocky land and increases the risk for nutrient losses by overland flow and leaching. Despite the occurrence of deep soils across the study area, evidence suggested that crop productivity was affected by tillage-induced soil redistribution. However, tillage erosion effects on crop yield were confounded by topography-yield relationships.
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