Current updated review on preparation of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery and biomedical applications

Polymers show a vast possibility of chemical modification of novel properties and nanomedicine generation in biomedical fields. Polymeric nanoparticle (PNPs) is commonly used as a drug carrier, they have good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high drug-loading capacity. PNPs are the broadly used nanocarrier including polymeric micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric sponges, and colloidal carriers. These NPs also show low toxicity, increased therapeutic effectiveness, improved drug penetration, controlled drug release and enhanced physical and chemical stability. PNPs are widely used as a drug delivery system subsequently they are able to load natural and synthetic agents including, protein, peptides, growth factors, DNAs, mRNA, and drugs. PNPs can be applied via several routes of administration as nasal, oral, intravenous, topical and ocular. PNPs can potentially target specific cells/tissues, NPs are a promising way to increase local drug concentration, decrease toxicity and side effects, and prevent nonspecific interaction. The present review focuses on biodegradable polymers, classifications, PNPs types, method and preparation of PNPs, and biomedical applications in targeted drug delivery and their limitations. This review presents targeted drug delivery for respiratory, cancers, liver cirrhosis, ocular, diabetic wounds, and Alzheimer's disease.