Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is an important agronomic crop planted for fiber and seeds. Cotton is attacked by many important arthropod pests throughout its growth. The most common worldwide included bollworms, armyworm, boll weevil, aphids, thrips, tarnished plant bug, cotton fleahopper, cotton stainers, and spider mites. Crop losses due to these harmful organisms can be substantial. Information pertaining to their identification, distribution, plant host, biology, and pest management is provided.