Comparative study of the influences of different water tank shapes on thermal energy storage capacity and thermal stratification

The influences of different water tank shapes on thermal energy storage capacity and thermal stratification in the static mode of operation is investigated in this study under laminar natural convection. A new experimental apparatus is built, and a numerical model is developed to simulate the flow and heat transfer in the water tank. Computational results agree with the experimental data. Among the 10 different water tank shapes studied, the sphere and barrel water tanks are ideal for thermal energy storage capacity, whereas the cylinder water tank is the least favorable. The thermal energy storage capacity is closely related to the surface area of the water tank. According to the characteristics of the velocity and temperature fields, these shapes can be divided into three categories: shapes with sharp corners, those with hemispheres, and those with horizontal plane surface. Shapes with sharp corners have the highest degree of thermal stratification, whereas the shapes with horizontal plane surface possess the lowest. That of the shapes with hemispheres lies in between these two degrees. The thermal stratification of different shapes is determined by the flow at the bottom of the water tank and the heat transfer from the fluid to the environment.