Cationic poly(amino acid) surface functionalized manganese nanoparticles for nitric oxide-based immunotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging

Poly( l -arginine) and hyaluronic acid modified MnO 2 nanoparticles (hpMNPs) reprogrammed M2 macrophages to M1 secreting high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, leading to apoptosis of tumor cells.