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Updated survey of the steroid-converting enzymes in human adipose tissues

脂肪组织 脂肪生成 脂肪细胞 生物 内分泌学 内科学 激素 芳香化酶 脂肪因子 医学 瘦素 肥胖 癌症 乳腺癌
作者
André Tchernof,Mohamed Fouad Mansour,Mélissa Pelletier,M. Boulet,Mélanie Nadeau,Van Luu‐The
出处
期刊:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:147: 56-69 被引量:65
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.011
摘要

Over the past decade, adipose tissues have been increasingly known for their endocrine properties, that is, their ability to secrete a number of adipocytokines that may exert local and/or systemic effects. In addition, adipose tissues have long been recognized as significant sites for steroid hormone transformation and action. We hereby provide an updated survey of the many steroid-converting enzymes that may be detected in human adipose tissues, their activities and potential roles. In addition to the now well-established role of aromatase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1, many enzymes have been reported in adipocyte cell lines, isolated mature cells and/or preadipocytes. These include 11β-HSD type 2, 17β-HSDs, 3β-HSD, 5α-reductases, sulfatases and glucuronosyltransferases. Some of these enzymes are postulated to bear relevance for adipose tissue physiology and perhaps for the pathophysiology of obesity. This elaborate set of steroid-converting enzymes in the cell types of adipose tissue deserves further scientific attention. Our work on 20α-HSD (AKR1C1), 3α-HSD type 3 (AKR1C2) and 17β-HSD type 5 (AKR1C3) allowed us to clarify the relevance of these enzymes for some aspects of adipose tissue function. For example, down-regulation of AKR1C2 expression in preadipocytes seems to potentiate the inhibitory action of dihydrotestosterone on adipogenesis in this model. Many additional studies are warranted to assess the impact of intra-adipose steroid hormone conversions on adipose tissue functions and chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cancer.
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