Toxic effects of pesticide mixtures at a molecular level: Their relevance to human health

杀虫剂 拟除虫菊酯 化学 毒性 有机磷 毒物动力学 对抗 环境化学 毒理 毒物动力学 氨基甲酸酯 药理学 生物化学 生物 有机化学 受体 农学
作者
Antonio F. Hernández,Tesifón Parrón Carreño,Aristidis Tsatsakis,Mar Requena,Raquel Alarcón,Olga López‐Guarnido
出处
期刊:Toxicology [Elsevier]
卷期号:307: 136-145 被引量:542
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.009
摘要

Pesticides almost always occur in mixtures with other ones. The toxicological effects of low-dose pesticide mixtures on the human health are largely unknown, although there are growing concerns about their safety. The combined toxicological effects of two or more components of a pesticide mixture can take one of three forms: independent, dose addition or interaction. Not all mixtures of pesticides with similar chemical structures produce additive effects; thus, if they act on multiple sites their mixtures may produce different toxic effects. The additive approach also fails when evaluating mixtures that involve a secondary chemical that changes the toxicokinetics of the pesticide as a result of its increased activation or decreased detoxification, which is followed by an enhanced or reduced toxicity, respectively. This review addresses a number of toxicological interactions of pesticide mixtures at a molecular level. Examples of such interactions include the postulated mechanisms for the potentiation of pyrethroid, carbaryl and triazine herbicides toxicity by organophosphates; how the toxicity of some organophosphates can be potentiated by other organophosphates or by previous exposure to organochlorines; the synergism between pyrethroid and carbamate compounds and the antagonism between triazine herbicides and prochloraz. Particular interactions are also addressed, such as those of pesticides acting as endocrine disruptors, the cumulative toxicity of organophosphates and organochlorines resulting in estrogenic effects and the promotion of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy.
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