Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease: What Do We Know Today?

IFALD is more common in infants and children than in adults. Important mechanisms in infants include prematurity, length of remaining bowel, and recurrent sepsis, whereas in adults it is related to the length of time on PN and excess caloric intake of glucose and lipids. Despite recent advances in management and administration of PN, much more still needs to be learned to prevent the development of life-threatening liver disease.