In-fiber whispering-gallery-mode resonator fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining

An in-fiber whispering-gallery-mode resonator fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining is demonstrated. The cylinder resonator cavity is fabricated by scanning the D-fiber cladding with infrared femtosecond pulses along a cylindrical trace with a radius of 25 μm and height of 20 μm. Quality factor on the order of 103 is achieved by smoothing the cavity surface with an ultrasonic cleaner, which is mainly limited by the surface roughness of several hundred nanometers. Resonant characteristics and polarization dependence of the proposed resonator are also studied in detail. Our method takes a step forward in the integration of whispering-gallery-mode resonators.