TPGS–Galactose-Modified Polydopamine Co-delivery Nanoparticles of Nitric Oxide Donor and Doxorubicin for Targeted Chemo–Photothermal Therapy against Drug-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The lack of cancer cell specificity and the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) are two major obstacles in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To tackle these challenges, a novel nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery system (DDS) with a core/shell structure consisted of d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-galactose (Gal)/polydopamine (PDA) is fabricated. The NP is loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and a nitric oxide (NO) donor