Preparation and properties of chromium protective coatings on lithium targets for accelerator-based neutron sources

Chromium (Cr) with its high antioxidative properties acts as a protective layer for lithium targets in accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (AB-BNCT). Employing a controlled variable method, this study explores the impact of magnetron sputtering parameters (sputtering power, argon flow, and sputtering pressure) on the surface morphology and crystalline structure of Cr films. Under the optimal preparation parameters (300W, 20ssm, 0.5Pa), a dense and uniform film with a (110) phase was formed, and a compact Cr2O3 layer developed during air exposure. A 1μm Cr coating provided effective protection for approximately 2 hours, and increased thickness further improved the protection. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that a 1μm Cr coating caused around 1.83% energy loss and 5.54% neutron yield reduction for 2.8 MeV protons, meeting AB-BNCT requirements with minimal impact on neutron angular distribution. This study demonstrates that by investigating the effects of magnetron sputtering preparation parameters on the surface morphology and crystalline structure of Cr coatings, optimal preparation parameters can be selected. The fabrication of a uniform and dense 1 μm Cr protective layer on a lithium target effectively prevents the degradation of the lithium target during short-term exposure to air, thereby enhancing its transportability and ease of handling.