MOF as nanoscale drug delivery devices: Synthesis and recent progress in biomedical applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a lot of attention for application as nanoscale drug delivery devices due to their unique properties in high storage capacities, multiple functionalities, and excellent biocompatibilities. and abundant functionalities. Several strategies can be used to synthesise including traditional reactions (solvothermal or non-solvothermal methods), microwaves, electrochemistry, sonochemistry, mechanochemistry. MOFs are composed of metal ions/metal clusters linked by multitopic organic ligands containing sulfonate, carboxylate, and phosphonate groups. The various methods for modifying the surfaces of MOFs are described with covalent bonds and covalent bonds. The application of functional groups, MOFs are developed to produce high porous materials through covalent and non-covalent bonds. MOFs are used to encapsulate various drugs and other macromolecules including nucleic acids, DNA, siRNA and properties.