Photonic hooks generated by a rotating dielectric sphere

This paper studies the photonic hooks (PH) generated by the interaction of a dielectric sphere rotating at a certain angular velocity with a plane wave. Based on the instantaneous static frame theory and the partial-wave series expansion method in spherical coordinates, with the help of the separated variable method, we obtain the analytical solutions for the internal and external electric fields of a homogeneous isotropic dielectric sphere rotating around the z-axis irradiated by a plane wave of arbitrary direction. This article focuses on the effect of size parameters (ka), relative refractive index (m1), and rotational dimensionless parameters 𝛾 on PH. The PH produced by this non-reciprocal system can be used not only for trapping off-axis particles, but also has promising applications in low-loss waveguiding, subdiffraction-resolution nanopatterning, and nanolithography.