Investigation on microstructure and tribological performances of electrodeposited Ni-W-Y2O3 composite coatings

Nickel-tungsten-yttrium oxide (Ni-W-Y2O3) composite coatings were co-electrodeposited onto low-carbon steel surfaces using the direct current electrodeposition method with a constant current density of 2 A/dm2. The influence of Y2O3 nanoparticles on the microstructure, morphology, microhardness and tribological performance of the composite coatings was investigated. The incorporation of Y2O3 nanoparticles was found to significantly refine the crystallite size of the coatings. The microhardness improvement and superior tribological properties of the Ni-W-Y2O3 composite coatings were attributed to the dispersion strengthening and refine crystalline strengthening effects induced by the addition of Y2O3 nanoparticles. It was also observed that the coating prepared from an electrolyte containing 10 g/L Y2O3 nanoparticles exhibits the highest wear resistance. These results highlight the potential of Y2O3 nanoparticles as a promising additive for enhancing the mechanical and tribological properties of coatings.