Diagnostic model for Alzheimer's disease based on PANoptosis-related genes

Abstract Background: The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the interplay of three different processes: pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. However, the role of PANoptosis, a novel pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathway, in AD remains unexplored. Result: Our study utilized tissue expression profile data from AD patients to construct three distinct PANoptosis patterns, each with unique molecular and clinical characteristics. We have created a risk scoring system called the PANscore, which can analyze patterns specific to each AD patient. Additionally, we observed significantly lower levels of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) in the high PANscore and AD patients. Further analysis revealed a significant negative correlation of Tfh with GSDMD and MLKL . Conclusion: These findings provide a roadmap for personalized patient stratification, enabling clinicians to develop personalized treatment plans for AD patients and advance the field of precision medicine.