Liquid-like polymer lubricating surfaces: Mechanism and applications

Liquid-like polymer lubricating surfaces (LPLSs) are solid substrates with highly flexible polymer chains grafted via covalent bonds. This unique modification enables ultralow contact-angle hysteresis, repellency of various liquids and bulk ice, and stability. The distinctive wettability and universality of LPLSs have potential applications in liquid motion, biological detection, and environmental protection. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms, preparation, and applications of LPLSs. We discuss the wettability and lubrication mechanisms of liquid droplets on LPLSs. We then categorize LPLS fabrication into “grafted onto” and “grafted from” groups, depending on the type of polymer. We highlight representative applications with recent developments in anti-complex liquid, anti-icing, anti-biological adhesions, biosensing, and photocatalytic activity. Finally, we discuss future challenges and outlooks for LPLSs.