A Review of the Efficient and Thermal Utilization of Biomass Waste

As a new type of energy that can meet the requirements of carbon neutrality, biomass has received wide attention in recent years, and its rational and efficient thermal utilization can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establish an energy-saving, low-carbon energy system to promote sustainable development. In this paper, the current utilization and research status of plant-based biomass waste is comprehensively summarized from four aspects, namely component properties, industrial thermal utilization means, experiments and theoretical calculations. In addition, this paper summarizes the research progress in several aspects, such as microscopic experimental studies, macroscopic pyrolysis characterization, and multiscale theoretical model construction of biomass waste. However, due to the diversity and heterogeneity of biomass, there are still some challenges to extending the laboratory research results to large-scale industrial production, for which we also provide an outlook on future technological innovations and development directions in this research area.