Selective primary amination of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones with ammonia

Amines play a crucial role in the synthesis of various compounds in research laboratories and industries, particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and biomolecules. Among these, alcohol amines and diamines are essential functional monomers used in the production of polyamides, polyimides, polyurethanes, and polyureas. Reductive amination of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones is a key method for the synthesis of amines due to its green and cost-effective nature. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in heterogeneous catalysis for the selective synthesis of primary amines from alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and ammonia. It places particular emphasis on elucidating the mechanism underlying the amination reaction, the evolution of catalysts, and discourse surrounding reaction conditions. Additionally, it meticulously examines factors influencing catalyst activity and selectivity, alongside strategies geared towards enhancing catalyst performance.