隐蔽的
心理学
灵活性(工程)
认知心理学
动作(物理)
背景(考古学)
任务(项目管理)
选择性注意
视觉注意
认知
社会心理学
神经科学
经济
古生物学
管理
哲学
物理
统计
生物
量子力学
语言学
数学
作者
Chiara Della Libera,Leonardo Chelazzi
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01689.x
摘要
Outcomes of actions, in the form of rewards and punishments, are known to shape behavior. For example, an action followed by reward will be more readily elicited on subsequent encounters with the same stimuli and context—a phenomenon known as the law of effect. These consequences of rewards (and punishments) are important because they reinforce adaptive behaviors at the expense of competing ones, thus increasing fitness of the organism in its environment. However, it is unknown whether similar influences regulate covert mental processes, such as visual selective attention. Visual selective attention allows privileged processing of task-relevant information, while inhibiting distracting contextual elements. Using variable monetary rewards as arbitrary feedback on performance, we tested whether acts of attentional selection, and in particular the resulting aftereffects, can be modulated by their consequences. Results show that the efficacy of visual selective attention can be sensibly adjusted by external feedback. Specifically, although lingering inhibition of distractors is robust after highly rewarded selections, it is eliminated after poorly rewarded selections. This powerful feature of visual selective attention provides attentive processes with both flexibility and self-regulation properties.
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