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The Translational Potential of Non-coding RNAs and Multimodal MRI Data Sets as Diagnostic and Differential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Mood Disorders

情绪障碍 重性抑郁障碍 表观遗传学 默认模式网络 双相情感障碍 神经科学 心理学 神经影像学 功能磁共振成像 生物信息学 认知 临床心理学 医学 精神科 生物 遗传学 基因 焦虑
作者
Anna Todeva-Radneva,Katrin Aryutova,Sevdalina Kandilarova,Rositsa Paunova,Drozdstoy Stoyanov
出处
期刊:Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry [Bentham Science]
卷期号:21 (11): 949-963 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.2174/1568026621666210521144534
摘要

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) have a high prevalence and detrimental socio-economic consequences for the patients and the community. Furthermore, the depressive symptomatology of both disorders is essentially identical, thus rendering the clinical differential diagnosis between the two significantly more difficult considering the concomitant lack of objective biomarkers. Mood disorders are multifactorial disorders the pathophysiology of which includes genetic, epigenetic, neurobiological, neuroimmunological, structural and functional brain alterations, etc. Aberrant genetic variants as well as changed differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD and BD. MiRNAs as well as lncRNAs have regulatory and modulating functions on protein-- coding gene expression thus influencing the remodeling of the architecture, neurotransmission, immunomodulation, etc. in the Central Nervous System (CNS) which are essential in the development of psychiatric disorders including MDD and BD. Moreover, both shared and distinct structural, connectivity, task-related and metabolic features have been observed via functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, suggesting the possibility of a dimensional continuum between the two disorders instead of a categorical differentiation. Aberrant connectivity within and between the Default Mode Network, the Salience Network, Executive Network, etc. as well as dysfunctional emotion, cognitive and executive processing have been associated with mood disorders. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore a more multidimensional framework in the scientific research of mood disorders, including epigenetic and neuroimaging data in order to shape an outline for their translational capacity in clinical practice.
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