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Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention for Prevention of Obesity in Primary School Children in China

医学 儿童肥胖 体质指数 肥胖 心理干预 干预(咨询) 随机对照试验 物理疗法 人口 老年学 儿科 超重 人口学 环境卫生 内科学 社会学 精神科
作者
Zheng Liu,Pei Gao,A Y Gao,Yi Lin,Xiangxian Feng,Fang Zhang,Liqun Xu,Wenyi Niu,Hai Fang,Shuang Zhou,Wenhao Li,Jianhui Yuan,Chunxia Xu,Na Wu,Huijuan Li,Li Ming Wen,George Patton,Haijun Wang,Yangfeng Wu
出处
期刊:JAMA Pediatrics [American Medical Association]
卷期号:176 (1): e214375-e214375 被引量:43
标识
DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4375
摘要

Importance

A rapid nutritional transition has caused greater childhood obesity prevalence in many countries, but the repertoire of effective preventive interventions remains limited.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of a novel multifaceted intervention for obesity prevention in primary school children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted during a single school year (from September 11, 2018, to June 30, 2019) across 3 socioeconomically distinct regions in China according to a prespecified trial protocol. Twenty-four schools were randomly allocated (1:1) to the intervention or the control group, with 1392 eligible children aged 8 to 10 years participating. Data from the intent-to-treat population were analyzed from October 1 to December 31, 2019.

Interventions

A multifaceted intervention targeted both children (promoting healthy diet and physical activity) and their environment (engaging schools and families to support children’s behavioral changes). The intervention was novel in its strengthening of family involvement with the assistance of a smartphone app. The control schools engaged in their usual practices.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the change in body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters) from baseline to the end of the trial. Secondary outcomes included changes in adiposity outcomes (eg, BMIzscore, prevalence of obesity), blood pressure, physical activity and dietary behaviors, obesity-related knowledge, and physical fitness. Generalized linear mixed models were used in the analyses.

Results

Among the 1392 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.6 [0.4] years; 717 boys [51.5%]; mean [SD] BMI, 18.6 [3.7]), 1362 (97.8%) with follow-up data were included in the analyses. From baseline to the end of the trial, the mean BMI decreased in the intervention group, whereas it increased in the control group; the mean between-group difference in BMI change was −0.46 (95% CI, −0.67 to −0.25;P < .001), which showed no evidence of difference across different regions, sexes, maternal education levels, and primary caregivers (parents vs nonparents). The prevalence of obesity decreased by 27.0% of the baseline figure (a relative decrease) in the intervention group, compared with 5.6% in the control group. The intervention also improved other adiposity outcomes, dietary, sedentary, and physical activity behaviors, and obesity-related knowledge, but it did not change moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, physical fitness, or blood pressure. No adverse events were observed during the intervention.

Conclusions and Relevance

The multifaceted intervention effectively reduced the mean BMI and obesity prevalence in primary school children across socioeconomically distinct regions in China, suggesting its potential for national scaling.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03665857
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