Improved lithium-ion battery performance by introducing oxygen-containing functional groups by plasma treatment

Abstract Metal sulfides are often used as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high theoretical specific capacity; however, excessively fast capacity decay during charging/discharging and rapid shedding during cycling limits their practical application in batteries. In this study, we proposed a strategy using plasma treatment combined with the solvothermal method to prepare cobalt sulfide (Co 1− x S)-carbon nanofibers (CNFs) composite. The plasma treatment could introduce oxygen-containing polar groups and defects, which could improve the hydrophilicity of the CNFs for the growth of the Co 1− x S, thereby increasing the specific capacity of the composite electrode. The results show that the composite electrode present a high discharge specific capacity (839 mAh g −1 at a current density of 100 mA g −1 ) and good cycle stability (the capacity retention rate almost 100% at 2000 mA g −1 after 500 cycles), attributing to the high conductivity of the CNFs. This study proves the application of plasma treatment and simple vulcanization method in high-performance LIBs.