Solid-liquid phase change materials for the battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles – A systematic review

With the rapid pace of advancement in the electrification of vehicles in the automotive industry, temperature changes in Lithium-ion batteries as the power source of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are the primary concern that affects the reliability, safety, efficiency, and lifespan of batteries. Therefore, an efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential to alleviate the impacts of temperature change by maintaining the temperature in a reasonable range. These days, BTMSs benefit from the features of phase-change materials (PCMs) to control the temperature of batteries in passive or semi-passive systems. This paper provides an extensive review of various types of PCMs, essential factors for selecting an appropriate PCM in BTMSs, the merits and demerits of solid-liquid organic PCMs in BTMSs, several recently used solutions to tackle the possible problems of solid-liquid PCMs, and finally further research studies.