Mixed-Dimensional MXene-Based Composite Electrodes Enable Mechanically Stable and Efficient Flexible Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Significant advancements in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on ITO glass substrates have been realized in recent years, yet the overall performance of flexible devices still lags far behind, mainly being ascribed to the high surface roughness and poor optoelectronic properties of flexible electrodes. Here, we report efficient and robust flexible PeLEDs based on a mixed-dimensional (0D-1D-2D-3D) composite electrode consisting of 0D Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs)/1D Ag nanowires (AgNWs)/2D MXene/3D poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Our designed MXene-based electrodes combine the advantages of facile formation of a film of low-dimensional materials and excellent optical and electrical properties of metal, inorganic, and organic semiconductors, which endow the electrodes with high electrical/thermal conductivity, flexibility, a smooth surface, and good transmittance. Consequently, the resulting flexible PeLEDs (without a light-coupling structure) demonstrate a record external quantum efficiency of 16.5%, a high luminance of close to 50000 cd/m2, a large emitting area of 8 cm2, and significantly enhanced mechanical stability.