Unraveling the Fluoride-Induced Interface Reconstruction Across Lead-Based Hierarchical MnO2 Anode in Zinc Electrowinning

Although the hierarchical manganese dioxide film electrode shows promise as a durable and catalytically active anode for zinc electrowinning, it often fails and deactivates when it is exposed to fluoride-rich environments. The lack of understanding regarding the mechanism behind fluoride-induced irreversible interface reconstruction hinders their practical application in large-scale energy-saving and pollution-reduction efforts. Here, we conducted multidimensional operando investigations to gain insights into the dynamic evolution across the film electrode interface with temporal and spatial resolution. Our findings reveal that electroosmosis of F