食管癌
恶性肿瘤
癌症
医学
肿瘤科
食管腺癌
腺癌
放射科
内科学
标识
DOI:10.1097/01.jaa.0001007328.84376.da
摘要
ABSTRACT Esophageal cancer is a challenging malignancy that often is diagnosed in advanced stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the two main types of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and reviews epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic modalities, staging systems, and established and emerging treatments. Recent advancements in treatment for resectable and unresectable esophageal cancer also are explored. These include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, sentinel lymph node mapping, radiogenomics, palliative measures, and screening measures.
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