Phytochemical analysis and biological evaluation of Ferulago setifolia K. Koch

Abstract BACKGROUND Ferulago setifolia K. Koch (Apiaceae) has been the subject of this study, aiming to comprehensively determine its phenolic fingerprint and evaluate its various biological activities. The liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the 70% methanol extract of F. setifolia (FS) revealed the presence of 23 phytochemicals, among which chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, kaempferol‐3‐ O ‐glucoside, and quercetin‐3‐ O ‐glucoside were identified as the major phenolics in the extract. RESULTS The biological screening included examinations of antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The FS extract displayed moderate 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric‐reducing capacity, indicating moderate antioxidant activity. Furthermore, FS exhibited significant antiproliferative effects on cancer cells while showing low cytotoxicity on normal cells. The antibacterial activity findings revealed that FS demonstrated potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli . CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that the methanolic extract of FS holds promise as a potential source of biologically active compounds. It can be utilized for the development of pharmaceutical formulations, thanks to its significant antiproliferative and antibacterial activities. Additionally, FS can serve as a valuable source of chlorogenic acid for industrial applications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.