Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes in 3 D and 4 D Printing

Mankind always intends to discover new technology by which the world and science can move one step forward. The result of this thinking reflects in our daily life where we can see ever-evolving novel technologies to make a better lifestyle. Out of these technology, 3D (additive manufacturing) is one of the newest and most advanced technology. This method addresses the shortcomings of current production systems by using smart materials as feed, such as smart polymers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. The resulting product may adjust to changes in the environment, such as temperature and compression. As a result of these reactions, 4D printing, an enhanced 3D printing technology, was developed. These printing processes can be utilized in a variety of settings and industries, ranging from small-scale to large-scale. Although they have various applications, still some obstacles are there, such as low printing speed and weak weld between successive filament traces. CNTs, for example, have a high thermal conductivity and can be utilized to solder 3D-printed thermoplastic interfaces to reduce the weld between consecutive filaments. The obtained result of CNTs application in these printing opens new approaches for 3D printing.