Defect-induced dipole polarization engineering of electromagnetic wave absorbers: Insights and perspectives

Electromagnetic (EM) transmission has an irreplaceable position in the information age, especially the advent of 5G and the intelligent era. However, the problem of EM wave pollution is becoming more and more serious, and there is an urgent need to explore efficient EM wave absorption materials. The significant advantages and unique EM properties of dipole polarization engineering create endless possibilities for designing simple EM wave absorbing materials with excellent performance and low price. However, there is currently no research summary of dipole polarization engineering, which is very unfavorable for mechanism research. Here, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the EM response of the dipole polarization effect. Firstly, the types of dipole polarization and the response mechanism are systematically introduced, and the characterization methods of polarization in materials are discussed. In addition, the application of dipole polarization in structural engineering is summarized. Finally, the current challenges and specific suggestions of dipole polarization engineering are proposed. Despite many difficulties and obstacles, we believe that dipole polarization engineering will lead to further developments in EM wave absorbing materials.