Influence of the number of scan bodies on full-arch implant scanning: A comparison of 2 vs 4 implants

Abstract Accuracy is a necessity in implant impressions to fabricate accurately fitting implant-supported prostheses. This in vitro study aimed to explore the impact of the number of scan bodies on scanning quality by comparing scans of 2 versus 4 implants, and to determine if their accuracy and precision meets acceptable clinical threshold. Two mandibular edentulous models were used: one with 4-parallel implants (4-IM) and the other with 2-parallel implants (2-IM). Each model was scanned ten times with an intraoral scanner, while reference scans were obtained with a high-precision laboratory scanner. The accuracy of test scans was evaluated by superimposing them onto reference scans and measuring 3D and angular deviations of the scan bodies. To assess the precision, the repeatability of the scans was analyzed by measuring the 3D standard deviations. Independent t-test was used to compare angular deviations, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for 3D deviations and 3D standard deviations, and one sample t-test was used for comparing means to the clinical threshold. Angular and 3D deviations were statistically not significant between the two groups (P=0.054 and 0.143). 3D deviation values were higher than the 150 μm threshold for 2-IM (201 μm) and 4-IM (290 μm); angular deviation in 2-IM was 0.600 degrees and 0.885 degrees for 4-IM. There was no statistically significant difference in the precision of scans between the two groups. (P=0.161). Although scanning quality improved when 2 scan bodies were used, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, full-arch implant scanning did not meet acceptable levels of accuracy and precision.