Next-Generation Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogels: Rational Design, Convergent Applications, and Industrial Challenges

Konjac glucomannan (Konjac gum, KGM), a natural plant-derived polysaccharide, exhibits remarkable biosafety and biodegradability. Its unique rheological properties make it an ideal base material for multifunctional composites. Building on our preliminary findings, this review systematically outlines four fabrication strategies for KGM-based hydrogels: (1) polysaccharide compounding, (2) protein blending, (3) novel resource food compounding, and (4) chemical modification, with particular emphasis on their gelation mechanisms and performance characteristics. The innovative applications of KGM hydrogels are comprehensively evaluated across diverse fields, including antimicrobial materials, drug delivery, food preservation, tissue engineering, flexible devices, dysphagia management, and soft robotics. The review concludes by proposing five core challenges: (1) precise molecular modulation and controllable modification, (2) synergistic mechanism elucidation in multicomponent systems, (3) dynamic regulation of intelligent drug delivery systems, (4) standardization of biosafety evaluation frameworks, and (5) establishment of regulatory standardization protocols. These research directions outline a systematic approach to overcome key technical challenges, facilitating the precise translation of KGM-based hydrogels from laboratory research to industrial implementation.