Surgical Strategies for Neonates with Prenatally Diagnosed Congenital Biliary Dilatation

Background This study aimed to develop a postnatal treatment strategy for infants with prenatally diagnosed congenital biliary dilatation. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with prenatal diagnosed congenital biliary dilatation(CBD), aged < 1 year who underwent surgery at our hospital between 2013 and 2023. We classified the patients into two groups, the “early group,” consisting of patients who could not wait for growth, and required early surgery, and the “scheduled group,” consisting of patients who were asymptomatic and could undergo scheduled surgery, and compared them. The parameters for early surgical prediction were AST, ALT, TB, DB, and CRP levels at birth, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after birth, and immediately before surgery, as well as the cyst diameter, presence of intrahepatic bile duct dilation, and presence of debris in the common bile duct. Results During the study period, 15 patients were diagnosed prenatally. The cyst diameter was significantly larger at all points in the early group. Patients with a cyst diameter of > 30 mm at birth, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation at birth, and postnatal enlargement of the common bile duct to > 30 mm are more likely to develop symptoms early. Blood biochemistry tests showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions Patients with a cyst diameter > 30 mm in the early postnatal period require careful postnatal management and parents should be counseled regarding the high likelihood of their child needing surgery within the first 3 months of life. Level of Evidence Level IV.