Multisource Data–Based Urban Odor Mapping and Construction of a Scent-Emotional System for Public Spaces

Following the continual development of smart cities, there is a growing need for the seamless integration of design and technology to improve urban spaces. In this regard, public space odors are gaining importance as a key factor in urban planning. To investigate the impact of public space odors on urban environments, a study was conducted within the second ring road of Hefei. The study utilized a combination of crowd observation, questionnaires, interviews, and the collection, experimentation, and analysis of public space odors. The investigation aimed to clarify participants' perceptions of urban public space odors and odor environments. The TOPSIS method was used to determine the odor diffusion range and intensity weight for the collected odor source types and distribution intensities. Data visualization was also employed to create odor maps. Using machine scoring, the study quantified qualitative data to illustrate the degree of influence of odor on people's perception of urban behavior from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Additionally, an emotion map was drawn to further understand people's perceptions of odors. By superimposing the analysis, the study identified people's preferences for odors and created an odor map. Finally, the study explored the potential application of olfactory elements in urban design through tour route plans for different target groups, providing innovative ideas for future applications in smart cities, five-sense cities, and the metaverse.