半颜面微粒症
医学
病因学
颅面
畸形
牵张成骨
软组织
颅面畸形
发育不良
发育不良
下颌骨(节肢动物口器)
皮肤病科
外科
病理
分散注意力
神经科学
属
精神科
生物
植物
作者
Songyuan Luo,Hao Sun,Qian Bian,Zhixu Liu,Xudong Wang
出处
期刊:Oral Diseases
[Wiley]
日期:2023-01-17
卷期号:29 (6): 2449-2462
被引量:9
摘要
Abstract The second most frequent craniomaxillofacial congenital deformity is hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Patients often accompany short mandible, ear dysplasia, facial nerve, and soft tissue dysplasia. The etiology of HFM is not fully understood. To organize the possible up‐to‐date information on the etiology, craniofacial phenotypes, and therapeutic alternatives in order to fully comprehend the HFM. Reviewing the potential causes, exploring the clinical features of HFM and summarizing the available treatment options. Vascular malformation, Meckel's cartilage abnormalities, and cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) abnormalities are three potential etiology hypotheses. The commonly used clinical classification for HFM is OMENS, OMENS‐plus, and SAT. Other craniofacial anomalies, like dental defects, and zygomatic deformities, are still not precisely documented in the classification. Patients with moderate phenotypes may not need any treatment from infancy through adulthood. However, patients with severe HFM require to undergo multiple surgeries to address facial asymmetries, such as mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), autologous costochondral rib graft (CCG), orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, and facial soft tissue reconstruction. It is anticipated that etiology research will examine the pathogenic mechanism of HFM. A precise treatment for HFM may be possible with thoroughly documented phenotypes and a pathogenic diagnosis.
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